A The Indian diaspora has excelled in the modern world. Indian-origin engineers are heading three top technology companies of the world – Microsoft, Google, and IBM – and many more. There is hardly any company or university where Indians are not present…
Science with a Human Face
Science with a Human Face
I was initiated to the idea of “science with a human face” by Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, who in 1992 set up a program to develop Civilian Spinoffs of Defence Technology and make me its “lynchpin.” Working on this initiative, I came in contact with some truly outstanding scientists whose work had created tremendous impact on the lives of ordinary people. The indigenous coronary stent created under this program ushered a new era of biomedical industry in India. Later, when Dr Kalam became the president of India in 2002, he used me as his ambassador to connect interdisciplinary people for the common good.
I met the legendary Dr Verghese Kurien and he later hosted me at and invited me to his house for tea. Dr Kurien had been a mechanical engineer like me but strayed to Dairy technology, creating Amul in the process. When I asked him for a mantra, he plainly told me, “If you want to work for ordinary people, live with them, and live like them.” His words, “Extraordinary people are those ordinary people who do extra work,” have remained my guiding light. When in 2012, Dr Kurien was struggling for his life, people suggested that he be shifted from a hospital in Nadiad town for better treatment to Mumbai. However, he flatly refused saying that he would like to die where he had worked since 1949 rather than away in Mumbai.
Dr William Dar was the Director General, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), in Hyderabad, when Dr APJ Abdul Kalam visited the international organization, which conducts agricultural research for rural development. Later, Dr Dar and I became friends. He facilitated my visit to the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in Los Baños, Philippines. I wrote two books with him, an autobiographical “Feeding the Forgotten Poor” and the visionary, “Greening the Grey.” In 2014, Dr William Dar completed his record three terms at ICRISAT and left for his home country, the Philippines. He is currently the Secretary of Agriculture of the Philippines.
I met at ICRISAT my seniors in GB Pant University, Dr SN Nigam and Dr KB Saxena. Both these scientists have given their lifetimes to improve their crops of interests – peanut and pigeon pea. Later, I met the rising star in plant genetics, Rajeev Varshney at ICRISAT, who has created reference genome sequence assemblies for 13 plant species. My other “comrades” are Vilas Tonapi, Director, Indian Institute of Millet Research; Dr Vinod Gaur, Chairman and Managing Director of National Seeds Corporation; and Dr Sanjay Kumar, Director, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Goan Horticulturist Dr Sachin Tendulkar and Kenyan agronomist, Shem Odhiambo (in picture). Vinod and Sanjay were my juniors at GB Pant University.
What exactly is meant by the human face of science? Dr Dar explained to me, that science that is aimed to better the living conditions of people, is what appealed to him. He also cautioned me that this science is not something separate from the mainstream science but is actually the real essence of it. All high-yield and disease-resistant varieties of seeds and plants, life-saving medicines, and livelihood-technologies are examples of the human face of science. It is an aspect that must be wilfully chosen and pursued by a scientist throughout his lifespan. There have been many chiefs of DRDO and other scientific organizations before and after Dr Kalam, but his passion for doing good for humanity stands out peerless.
India has a great tradition of science and its unique system of Councils is most democratic, broad-based and participative. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR), and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) are like a tripod on which Indian science is placed. It does not matter what these organizations achieved and what they could not, but around them exists what makes India a modern nation in the world. But for this apparatus, there would be no Green Revolution then and no COVID-19 vaccine now.
But the five billion poor people in the world are a grim reality. Why has science not responded to societal needs the way it could have? Why has it served more the rich and become the engine of their wealth? It is through owing science, that the world’s richest 1 per cent owns twice as much as the bottom 90 per cent. India’s richest 1 per cent of the population holds more than 40 per cent of the national wealth while the bottom 50 per cent, the majority of the population, owns a mere 3 per cent. So, where is the work of our scientific establishments going? Whose interests is it really serving?
Public understanding and engagement with science is a hard task but it ought to be undertaken. It is a pity that Indian farmers are protesting against farm laws but not for high yield seeds. Currently, India produces about 110 million tonnes of rice a year from 44 million hectares of land at a rate of 2.4 tonnes per hectare. China grows 4.7 tonnes and Brazil, 3.6 tonnes per hectare. So, if yield is increased, land would be free to grow other crops that would bring more income and improve soil conditions.
India needs an oilseed revolution. People have made enough money for a long time by importing cheap oils, mixing them and selling them as “branded oils,” with bogus claims about their nutritive value. India needs self-reliance in fertilizers. It is a shame that our fertilizer factory in Assam, where natural gas is available in plenty, is perennially down and urea is imported as if India is a technologically backward country incapable of running a urea production plant. India needs freedom from exports of essential medical consumables too. In the absence of this, our science remains selfish, captive of the enterprises, and used to generate profits rather than relieving the pain of the people.
I am immensely enjoying watching the transformation of apple horticulture by tissue culture technology in India to the great economic benefit of the people of the northeast and we are now helping Rwanda to grow their own apples rather than importing them from South Africa. Kenya needs cashew farming on its seacoast to settle strife there and India can help in accomplishing this. And above all, the cattle-cloning technology mastered by National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, can solve livestock production constraints in Africa, especially goat production.
Who is stopping all this? The groups of vested interests that either own science or control scientists. And who gave them this right? The apathy of the ordinary people towards living a better life, and their surrender to bogus ideologies, scoundrel leaders and fraudulent businesspeople. The essence of science is – to keep trying even without being sure, having the willingness to surrender to ideas when the evidence is against them, and always keeping an open mind about the way beyond. It is up to us, humans, to give science its human face, and not the other way round.
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