The Unfulfilled Promise of Healthcare

The Unfulfilled Promise of Healthcare

The Unfulfilled Promise of Healthcare

Recently, I had the opportunity to spend nearly three hours in conversation at the Care Foundation, graciously hosted by its CEO, Mr. S. G. Prasad, whose quiet commitment to accessible healthcare has sustained many meaningful initiatives over the years. The meeting brought together Mr. B. V. Satya Sai Prasad, a lawyer-turned-industrialist now deeply engaged in promoting artificial intelligence in healthcare, and his daughter Deepti, a biomedical engineer whose professional journey mirrors the global evolution of modern medicine itself. Deepti had worked at the Care Foundation in 2009 before moving to the United Kingdom, where she spent fifteen years within the National Health Service, contributing to healthcare technology and digital transformation programs. She has now returned to India to assume leadership at Ozone Hospitals in Hyderabad, an institution established by her father. What began as a cordial meeting soon grew into a long and searching conversation about the future of healthcare in India—not merely as an industry, but as a moral and technological system still in transition.

There is little intellectual value today in endlessly debating whether healthcare has become commercialised. That question has already been settled by history. Modern medicine is inherently technology-intensive: linear accelerators that deliver precision radiotherapy, robotic surgical platforms, molecular diagnostics, advanced imaging systems, and intensive-care monitoring infrastructures all require enormous capital investment and continuous maintenance. Hospitals, therefore, operate within economic realities. To lament commercialisation without proposing structural alternatives is to engage in nostalgia rather than reform. The real question is whether anything can be done to prevent healthcare from drifting further away from equity and accessibility.

The healthcare industry, as it has evolved, is marked by a striking paradox. Hospitals accused of profiteering remain perpetually full. Physicians celebrated for compassion often live lives of remarkable prosperity, their appointment calendars filled far into the future, serving those who can pay huge fees. Meanwhile, ordinary patients struggle through fragmented care pathways, delayed diagnoses and financial uncertainty. This contradiction is not merely ethical; it is systemic. Healthcare today suffers less from a lack of knowledge than from flawed design.

Our discussion naturally returned to Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, whom Mr. Sai Prasad had met in 2001 when Dr. Kalam was serving at Anna University as Professor of Technology & Societal Transformation. Dr. Kalam consistently pondered how advanced technology could become both expansive and affordable for the common citizen. Healthcare was central to that inquiry. I gifted Deepti a copy of my book, Innovate Locally to Win Globally, which recounts the journey of Mr. D. A. Prasanna, the founding CEO of Wipro GE Medical Systems, and the emergence of India’s medical technology industry from near-total import dependence in 1990 to a multibillion-dollar export ecosystem today. The lesson from this transformation is clear: affordability does not arise from rejecting technology but from indigenising and democratising it.

Indian hospitals today are undeniably world-class. Patients arrive from Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and even the United States seeking cardiac surgery, oncology care, transplantation, and advanced diagnostics because outcomes are comparable while costs remain reasonable. Medical tourism quietly affirms India’s clinical excellence. Yet a deeper question remains unresolved: what about the ordinary citizen? How can quality healthcare become routine rather than a premium service? Mr. Sai Prasad reflected on his involvement in shaping the Aarogyasri Scheme introduced by the late Chief Minister Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, a program that enabled government-funded treatment of economically disadvantaged patients in private hospitals. It was an unconventional solution that liberated many patients from infrastructure limitations within parts of the public system. He recalled attempting to advocate a revenue-neutral sustainability model, though political realities constrained structural redesign. Nevertheless, Aarogyasri demonstrated that policy innovation, when aligned with financing mechanisms and institutional participation, can rapidly expand access.

Since that period, India has witnessed three transformative developments that together form the foundation of equitable healthcare delivery: digital identity through Aadhaar, enabling authenticated patient records; expansion of publicly funded health insurance programs; and massive investment in public medical infrastructure through new AIIMS institutions, cancer centres and medical colleges. Equally significant has been the Jan Aushadhi Yojana, which provides quality-assured generic medicines at nearly one-fifth the cost of branded equivalents. I have personally used these medicines for more than a year and have found them clinically reliable, reminding me that the cost of medicines is often shaped more by market forces than by production costs. The architecture for inclusive healthcare already exists; what remains is intelligent integration.

It was at this point that artificial intelligence entered our conversation—not as a matter of technological enthusiasm but as a practical necessity. Three possibilities appeared almost self-evident. It starts with the prescription of medicine. Despite the widespread availability of generics, prescription behaviour remains influenced by the legacy of brands. AI-driven clinical decision support systems integrated into electronic prescribing platforms could automatically recommend bioequivalent generic alternatives aligned with national formularies. Machine-learning models analysing prescription patterns could detect statistical anomalies suggestive of sponsored prescribing practices, allowing transparency rather than enforcement to reshape behaviour. Technology may accomplish what regulation alone rarely achieves—a form of creative destruction where unethical practices gradually lose viability.

The second possibility lies in strengthening primary healthcare, historically the weakest link in India’s medical ecosystem. Many rural and peri-urban centres function without physicians, prompting patients to bypass primary care and overwhelm tertiary hospitals. Imagine instead AI-enabled primary health nodes where nurses, community health workers, or trained volunteers use AI-powered smartphones capable of clinical speech recognition, symptom capture and triage decision support. Through telemedicine connectivity with central physician command centres, prescriptions could be validated remotely while electronic health records are generated at first contact. Vital signs monitoring, probabilistic risk stratification, and structured referral pathways would ensure continuity of care. Except in emergencies, hospital visits would follow digital registration, transforming healthcare from episodic treatment into longitudinal care management. Intelligence would become distributed even when doctors remain scarce.

The third domain concerns trust—particularly billing transparency. Healthcare billing remains opaque to patients who lack the technical ability to question complex invoices generated through Hospital Information Systems and Management Information Systems. AI-based audit engines could analyse billing patterns using anomaly detection algorithms, comparing procedures, consumables and clinical pathways against evidence-based norms. Outliers could be flagged automatically, while blockchain-backed audit trails create immutable records accessible to patients themselves. Technology would not accuse; it would illuminate, restoring balance in a relationship historically weighted against the patient.

No external agency will design this future for India. Just as the nation built Aadhaar, transformed payments through UPI, expanded access to generic medicines, and scaled public health insurance, the next transformation must emerge from Indian entrepreneurs, clinicians, engineers and institutions acting together with clarity of purpose. Artificial Intelligence must not merely assist diagnosis; it must audit systems, democratise access and restore trust. As our meeting concluded and Mr. Sai Prasad and Deepti departed—encouraged by Mr. S. G. Prasad’s quiet optimism and the shared promise of bringing together people of conscience—I felt not merely hopeful, but deeply reassured. India is not only attempting to solve its own healthcare challenges; it is slowly shaping a template for nearly five billion people across the Global South who face similar constraints of affordability, workforce shortages and uneven infrastructure. If guided by conscience as much as computation, AI may yet return technology to its original purpose—improving lives by bettering livelihoods. Perhaps that was always Dr. Kalam’s nascent vision: not a quest for admiration, but a responsibility for action. Technology fulfils its purpose only when it serves the last person in the queue.

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Kafka in the Age of the Gig Economy

In my youth, when I first read Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis, published in 1915, it seemed to belong to a distant, shadowed landscape of European modernism—strange, unsettling, intellectually luminous, yet safely contained within literature. One reads differently at twenty, differently again at forty. Now, in my seventies, I find that the story has quietly crossed the boundary between page and world. Gregor Samsa no longer lies only in a narrow room of fiction; he appears, flickeringly, in the restless movement of our cities, in the blue glow of handheld screens, in the hurried footsteps of the young who labour without certainty, protection, or even the assurance of being remembered. Time, which softens many impressions, has sharpened this one. I do not merely recall Kafka now—I return to him as one returns to an unfinished question.

What troubles me is not hardship alone. India has known poverty and endurance, yet it has also sustained neighbourhoods of care, invisible threads of reciprocity, and a moral vocabulary that ensured no one disappeared entirely from the circle of recognition. The disquiet I feel today is subtler, almost soundless: the thinning of identity itself. In the expanding gig economy, I watch young men and women in perpetual motion—delivering meals, steering strangers through traffic, coding unseen architectures of the night, moderating conversations they will never join. They are everywhere visible yet nowhere known. Their labour is measured to the second; their lives remain immeasurable. Ratings rise and fall like small, indifferent tides. A missed day, a moment’s illness, an algorithm’s quiet judgment—and the fragile thread of belonging begins to loosen. Looking at them, I feel the faint, persistent echo of Kafka’s insect—not grotesque in body, but diminished in social presence, reduced to function without story.

Age brings with it an altered scale of perception. One begins to notice not only what is built, but what quietly recedes. I have lived through decades that promised continuity: institutions that offered lifelong work, professions that carried an inner dignity, and social contracts—imperfect, contested, yet real—that linked effort with security. The young inherit astonishing technologies, velocities of connection we could scarcely imagine; yet the ground beneath their feet feels less stable than ever before. They improvise brilliantly, adapt with courage, and move with a fluency that commands admiration. And yet, beneath this brilliance, I sense a civilisation learning to celebrate flexibility while gently withdrawing responsibility. Progress glitters; assurance fades.

Perhaps this is why Kafka returns with such quiet insistence. His question was never truly about transformation into an insect. It was about recognition—about what remains of the human when usefulness becomes the only language spoken. In the gig economy, usefulness is immediate and dissolvable. One is needed intensely for an hour, forgotten the next. Efficiency governs; covenant retreats. There is elegance in the system’s design, even a kind of technological poetry. Yet beneath that elegance lies an absence difficult to name: the promise that society fails to keep with its youth. Work exists, but work without protection becomes a delicate form of invisibility.

I find myself unexpectedly restless in the face of this reality. Old age is often imagined as a season of detachment, of philosophical acceptance. Instead, I discover a heightened tenderness towards vulnerability—perhaps because dependence no longer appears theoretical. To see millions begin their adult lives already exposed to such precarity evokes not anger, nor nostalgia alone, but a quiet sorrow that settles like evening light—gentle, persistent, impossible to ignore. One wonders whether speed has outrun wisdom, whether innovation has moved faster than compassion can follow.

And yet despair feels too simple, almost a failure of imagination. I have witnessed too much resilience in our people, too much unrecorded generosity, to believe that invisibility is destiny. History reminds us that systems forgetting humanity eventually confront their own incompleteness. The gig economy, still young, need not remain a landscape without shelter. It could grow toward something more humane—where flexibility walks beside security, where technology enlarges dignity rather than thinning it, where society renews its quiet promise to those who carry its future in their uncelebrated labour.

Reflecting on Kafka now, I am struck by another tenderness in his fate. He did not live to see the reach of his own words; recognition came largely after his death. Such is the mysterious endurance of the written thought: it travels beyond the writer’s breath, waits patiently in time, and awakens when the world becomes ready to hear. Ideas, like seeds, choose their own season. That a solitary imagination from a century ago can illuminate the anxieties of our digital present is itself a form of hope—the assurance that meaning outlives circumstance.

Age, then, becomes not withdrawal but witness. To grow old is to watch patterns gather across decades, to recognise when metaphor hardens into reality, and to feel—quietly, insistently—the responsibility to speak before silence turns into consent. My unease is, therefore, not complaint but care, a refusal to accept anonymity as the price the young must pay for opportunity. Care, in later life, often takes this form: a gentle persistence of attention.

Kafka, returning softly through the corridors of memory, offers not darkness alone but warning—and also invitation. Even in one’s seventies, the heart still hopes that stories might end differently than before; that recognition may arrive in time; that dignity may prove more durable than efficiency. I am reminded of this in the smallest of encounters: the brief moment at my doorway when a young gig worker places a packet into my hands, his eyes already divided between the present and the next demand waiting inside the earplug-connected mobile through which another customer’s voice is calling. He carries several packets at once, time folded tightly around him, and from me he seeks nothing more than a good rating—an invisible gesture that may shape his remaining day. Our exchange lasts only seconds, yet something in it lingers: the quiet asymmetry between a life measured in hurried deliveries and a life pausing long enough to notice. And so, the question returns, tenderly but insistently: whether somewhere, within the swift machinery of the modern world, space may still be made for the simple, irreducible presence of the human being—seen, named, and held in quiet regard.

When I pause at a traffic signal and see helmeted riders waiting in the dust-filled air, or glimpse tired eyes illuminated by midnight screens, I do not see insects. I see nascent citizens of a future still searching for its moral language. Their anonymity is not natural; it is constructed—and what is constructed may yet be reimagined. 

If my generation holds any remaining task, perhaps it is simply this: to insist, without bitterness and without noise, that progress must encompass compassion within it, or remain incomplete. For in the end, the truest metamorphosis is not Gregor’s, nor the world’s machinery of work, but the awakening of recognition within us. And if that awakening comes—even quietly, even late—then perhaps the story is still being written toward the light.

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The best part of my career has been meeting eminent people and learning—often quietly—about the many facets of human excellencesomething missed by those who pursue excellence in their own fields and live within their silos and echo chambers. Even now, when I travel less, Providence seems to arrange moments of rare grace: encounters with individuals whose mere presence teaches. In the presence of such people, I feel a calm, reassuring force—an affirmationthat human life, at its highest, is about the expansion of consciousness. It is about helping the mind escape the cage of instinct, habit and conditioning, and align itself with what is good beyond personal or immediate interesttowards the greater good of others.

It was in this spirit that I attended the Global Head & Neck Precision Onco Summit 2026 at Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, to which I was invited by Dr. S. Chinnababu, with whom I co-authored a book on cancer, Live for a Legacy, in 2023; it has recently been revised and republished in a newedition. I listened to the inaugural keynote by the globally renowned head and neck surgical oncologist Dr. Anil K. D’Cruz, and within minutes, it was evident that this was neither a performance nor an exercise in persuasion. It was the voice of a man who has spent a lifetime standing at the frontier of uncertainty—where decisions are irreversible, margins are narrow, and humility is not merely a personal virtue—it is an ethical requirement of the profession.

Dr. D’Cruz’s presence is strikingcomposed, precise and unsentimental. There was no sugar-coating. This is what surgery can do, he seemed to say. ‘Beyond this lies adventurism. What gave these words their uncommon force was the audience before him—the very best in the field, clinicians and scientists who themselves work at the frontiers of knowledge. Yet the hall was held in attentive silence. The profundity of his words was both compelling and commanding, for they arose from strength, not hesitation. Even as a lay observer, the ethical clarity was unmistakable. Each tumour is biologically unique; each patient carries a different physiology, psychology and social context. Wise care in head and neck oncology, therefore, demands strength of judgement—an intelligent, patient-specific integration of surgery, radiation and systemic therapy, increasingly informed by molecular profiling and immuno-oncology, and anchored in the courage to respect limits. Doctors are mere professionals in their chosen field; they are not gods.

The field itself has transformed profoundly. High-resolution imaging, PET-CT fusion and intra-operative navigation have refined precision. Microvascular reconstruction restores not just anatomy but speech and swallowing. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and image-guided radiotherapy have reduced collateral damage. Checkpoint inhibitors targeting the transmembrane proteins programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)have opened new options for treating recurrent and metastatic disease. Yet tools, however advanced, do not absolve us of responsibility. They extend capability; they do not replace wisdom. Without ethical restraint, technology risks becoming excessive.

This restraint is increasingly difficult in a system where medicine is no longer practised by independent agents. Every doctor is embedded in institutions—hospitals, insurers, diagnostics, and supply chains—that shape incentives and choices. Excellence today requires not only skill but resistance to the gravitational pull of profit and spectacle. It requires an elevation of consciousness commensurate with capability.

I sat with Dr. D’Cruz as co-chair during Dr. Chinnababu’spresentation on cancer prevention by traversing the last mileaway from cities, into villages and hutments, where marginalised, poor and tribal communities live. Through the Grace Cancer Foundation, a creation of his own, Dr.Chinnababu has spent over a decade raising awareness and promoting early referral. The science here is disarmingly simple: when detected early, most cancers are curable with modest intervention; when detected late, treatment becomes prolonged, costly and uncertain. Prevention and early diagnosis lack glamour. They demand patience, logistics, trust and relentless follow-up—where conscience meets competence. And there is no money in it.

As I stood between Dr. D’Cruz and Dr. Chinnababu, I felt adéjà vuan unmistakable sensation I had experienced many times before in the company of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam. Dr.Kalam is no longer with us physically, yet some individuals never truly depart. Their way of being—how they listen, decide, pause and act—never goes away, and lives as an imprint so deep that it reappears when the conditions are right. What I felt in that moment was not nostalgia or memory. It was recognition—an experiential truth that needs no explanation, only attentiveness.

Dr. D’Cruz’s own journey exemplifies a life devoted to knowing what is not yet known. Educated at St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, trained in surgery at the University of Mumbai, and forged over 38 years at Tata Memorial Hospital—including 28 as Professor and Head—he has helped define standards of care respected worldwide. Since 2019, as Director of Oncology at Apollo Hospitals, he has shown that disciplined excellence and large systems need not be incompatible. His legacy lies not only in surgeries and publications, but in generations trained to think before they cut, to ponder before they decide, and to respect biology over ego.

Watching Dr. D’Cruz draw firm ethical boundaries around intervention, and Dr. Chinnababu persistently widen the circle of care to include those whom systems routinely forget, I sensed the same inner alignment I had witnessed years earlier. It was the lived coherence between thought and action, between capability and responsibility. Such moments reveal themselves not through argument or ideology, but through experience—and it is from this realm of lived experience that thinkers like Sri Aurobindo spoke of a higher order of consciousness made visible in ordinary human work.

These are the people Sri Aurobindo described in The Life Divine—not saints withdrawn from the world, but individuals fully embodied in work, inwardly governed by something larger than ambition or fear. Such people do not announce their spirituality. They live it through precision, discipline and care. In medicine, this quality is unmistakable: the courage to say no when intervention will harm; the choice of prevention over spectacle; the building of institutions rather than empires; the teaching of when not to act.

Sri Aurobindo argued that human evolution is ethical and conscious, not merely technological. The next step would be taken by individuals who master inner compulsions while remaining fully engaged with the world. At the Summit, I saw this principle enacted—quietly—by a master surgeon who knows his limits and a public-health clinician who refuses to abandon the poor.

This is not hero-worship. It is pattern recognition. In a time when medicine risks becoming algorithm-driven or profit-maximised, such lives are living correctives. They remind us that advanced tools—robotics, precision radiotherapy, immunotherapy and AI-guided diagnostics—are morally neutral until guided by consciousness.

Dr. Kalam once told me that the true test of a professional life is whether one leaves behind clarity rather than confusion. As I left the hall, that clarity lingered. It reaffirmed a belief I have long held: humanity reaches its highest expression not in dominance, but in service guided by knowledge and humility. These are the ones who transcend the known—and, in doing so, lift us with them.

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The Alchemy of the Balcony

The Alchemy of the Balcony

The Alchemy of the Balcony

I have been deeply engrossed in reading Shakespeare for a while. It remains one of the most astonishing paradoxes in literary history that Romeo and Juliet—a drama pulsing with murder, deception, impulsive rebellion and ethical transgression—has been remembered across continents and centuries, not for its violence but for a single, moonlit balcony. A recent film, O’Romeo, brought this truth to light by focusing on a passionate, high-stakes romance that mirrorsthe central, tumultuous love story of the classic play. Similar to the Montague/Capulet feud, O’Romeo roots in an intense rivalry within the modern-day Mumbai underworld, and though it does not replicate scenes, it clinically examines the perils of forbidden love.

Read plainly, the narrative is chaotic, almost startling in its speed and recklessness. A street brawl erupts within the first hundred lines. Romeo broods over a different girl altogether. Juliet, scarcely fourteen, is pressured into a marriage she does not want. Romeo trespasses into her home under the cover of night. Mercutio is slain in broad daylight, Tybalt falls in vengeance, Paris dies at the tomb, and Friar Lawrence—custodian of spiritual wisdom—concocts a dangerous sleep potion to fake Juliet’s deathso potent that he boasts it can borrow life from death. 

“And in this borrowed likeness of shrunk death” (Act 4, Scene 1)

Immediately after Romeo kills Tybalt, he realises that his impulsive act of revenge has made him a plaything of fate. He must go into exile to save his life. He laments, in a moment of bitter clarity,

 “O, I am fortune’s fool!” (Act 3, Scene 1)

Nothing about this world is calm or orderly; it is a society fermenting with feud, pride, honour and haste. Yet, despite this tumult, the moment that humanity has chosen to preserve, paint, film, dramatise and fall in love with is the quiet, tremulous exchange beneath Juliet’s window—the instant when Romeo whispers, breath held like a prayer, that it is the east, and that Juliet is the sun!

On that balcony, the world of Verona briefly dissolves (Act 2, Scene 2). No feud intrudes. No parent watches; no dagger glints. No banishment looms. No potion is brewed. Instead, the scene glows with the innocence of discovery, and the trembling honesty of two young souls speaking without armour. For those few minutes, we glimpse love unshadowed by consequence. It is the only time they are entirely themselves.

But, soft! What light through yonder window breaks?

It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.

 Why does the world cling to this scene and not the events that shape the tragedy? Why is the balcony the emblem of the play, the cultural shorthand for love itself? The answer lies inselective human memory and irresistible human longing. We do not hold on to the full truth of an experience; we distil it. We are alchemists before we are historians. Juliet, aware of the danger, whispers fearfully,

“If they do see thee, they will murder thee.

 Yet her voice softens almost instantly as love overwhelms caution. She confesses in lines that have outlived kingdoms,

 “My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love as deep.”  

Romeo, overwhelmed by her radiance, declares his own daring ascent,

“With love’s light wings did I o’erperch these walls”

In a way, Romeo and Juliet resembles the production of alcohol from coarse, sticky molasses. The raw materials of the play—the feud, the bloodshed, the rash decisions, and the priest’s deception—are thick, turbulent and unrefined. They bubble and ferment with heat, anxiety and danger. But when distilled, when separated from the heaviness of their origin, what rises is clear, fragrant and intoxicating: the pure vapour of yearning. The balcony scene is this vapour. It is the spirit extracted from the chaosthe moment when the residue falls away, and only emotion remains.

 The balcony endures because it transforms private longing into a public symbol. Shakespeare, with remarkable psychological insight, understood that audiences crave a moment of sincerity amid chaos. The balcony becomes the boundary between childhood and adulthood, between safety and danger, between the earth and the sky. It is not just a window; it is a frontier where the ordinary world ends and a myth beginsand myths endure because they contain something we need. The fights, the murders, the terrible haste—these are the slow-moving elements. The gentle glow of the balcony is the concentrated spirit that the world chooses to drink.

But why did this particular play, among countless tragic romances, become the universal template? Part of its power lies in its treatment of love not as possession but as revelation. Romeo and Juliet’s passion is not engineered, planned, or socially advantageous; it erupts with the inevitability of a storm. This rawness makes it universally recognisable. Every culture has known the fever of first love—the sense that feelings define destiny and that the world cannot possibly understand the urgency burning within.

Another reason lies in how Shakespeare endows recklessnesswith rationality, transforming the volatility of young love into something that sounds almost inevitable. Adolescence is often dismissed as impulsive, emotional and irrational; yetShakespeare dignifies its wildness by offering a poetic logic to passion. When Juliet muses, 

“What’s in a name? That which we call a rose

By any other name would smell as sweet. 

She is not merely defying her family’s feud; she is articulating the mind’s attempt to make sense of overwhelming feelings. In her reasoning, love itself becomes a force beyond labels, tribes, or inherited hatred—a self-justifying truth, like the rose’s fragrance.

Shakespeare thus allows recklessness to masquerade as clarity, giving young passion the philosophical defence it otherwise lacks. The audience, hearing such lines, accepts the lovers’ hurried devotion not as folly but as a kind of intuitive wisdom. We choose enchantment over caution because Shakespeare makes the illusion feel like the more profoundtruth.

This is why the story adapts so easily across cultures. In India, it becomes the tale of lovers divided by caste or community; in America, by race or class; in the Middle East, by tribe; in Japan, by tradition; in Europe, by politics or religion. The lovers become universal avatars of forbidden desire. Every society discovers its own feud within the Capulet–Montague hostility. Shakespeare’s poetry becomes the vessel into which each culture pours its own history, wounds and longings.

 In the end, the world does not remember that they died; it remembers that they loved. And that is the alchemy of the balcony: the moment when two ordinary lives rose into myth, proving that even in a universe of chaos, a single instant of pure feeling can become eternal. Shakespeare’s play closes with the Prince’s grave, a chastening reminder—

“For never was a story of more woe

Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.” (Act 5, Scene 3) 

Yet even in that sorrow, the world chooses the radiance that came before it, for tragedy is merely the residue, while love is the distilled spirit that rises. And thus the alchemy is complete: from the ferment of violence and folly emerges one pure, enduring vapour—the balcony’s eternal light.

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A Scientist and a Gentleman

In every civilisation, there are two measures of success. One is public and noisy—titles, awards, positions, headlines, and the temporary glow of importance. The other is almost invisible: the quality of a human being. History remembers the first for a moment and the second forever. The tragedy of modern life is that we have learned to celebrate achievers and forgotten how to recognise gentlemen.

Worldly success has a remarkably brief half-life. Today’s titan becomes tomorrow’s emeritus, gracefully presiding over empty ceremonies, applauded by people who no longer rely on him. His power has vanished; only his manners remain—if he ever had any. Yet manners, ethics and inner stature are exactly what determine whether a person’s life develops into dignity or withers into bitterness.

Hollywood once tried to explain this distinction in its own way. The 1982 film, An Officer and a Gentleman, tells the story of a man who earns his stripes not through privilege but through discipline, loyalty and inner transformation. The title itself suggests something profound: that rank alone does not make one worthy—character does. In real life, however, such gentlemen are not forged on parade grounds but in the quiet spaces where no one is watching.

I learned this not from philosophers but from a scientist.

My personal journey unfolded under the long, blessed shadow of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam. For thirty-three years, I followed that rare blend of visionary and ascetic, learning how greatness can coexist with humility. Under his watchful guidance, I developed from a mechanical engineer into a missile scientist—from working with titanium for high-pressure air bottles, to designing thick-walled magnesium control bays and aluminium-alloy airframes, wings and fins, and ultimately to handling delta-ferrite-free austenitic steels for coronary stents. These were not just material changes; they represented expansions of imagination. Dr. Kalam had a profound passion for civilian spin-offs of defence technology. To him, a missile was never merely a weapon—it was a bridge to healthcare, energy and national dignity.

Through him, I encountered many remarkable minds. Yet among them all, one distinguished himself—not because he was louder, but because he was quieter. That man is Dr. Chandrasekhar Srivari.

We often assume that great scientists must be socially distant, even emotionally detached. Their minds are so immersed in abstractions that ordinary human gestures seem trivial. Like deep-sea divers, they operate below the waves, unaffected by surface noise. I expected Dr. Chandrasekhar to be like that—brilliant but removed, organised like elements in a periodic table.

Instead, the first thing he did was walk to a small fridge in his office and fetch me a bottle of water himself when I visited him for the first time in his Director’s office at the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology in Hyderabad. He did not ring a bell. He did not summon an assistant. He stood up and served. That simple act changed everything.

In that moment, I realised that I was in the presence of a different species of greatness. Not the kind that feeds on hierarchy, but the kind that dissolves it. The gentleman is not someone who expects service; he is someone who offers it.

As our meetings grew more frequent, I came to recognise the scale of Dr. Chandrasekhar’s scientific work. His approach to organic synthesis—particularly of marine natural products—was distinguished by extraordinary originality. These compounds were not merely academic curiosities; they were potential life-saving solutions for the developing world, addressing diseases like tuberculosis and malaria that continue to afflict the poor long after the rich have found cures.

His development of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a green solvent was a quiet revolution. PEG is non-toxic, biodegradable, inexpensive, recyclable, and has low vapour pressure. In an era when chemistry is under scrutiny for its ecological footprint, this was a profound contribution. It made high-end synthesis compatible with environmental ethics.

His total synthesis of Eribulin—one of the most complex anticancer drugs ever created—was a tour de force of human intellect. It has immense commercial and medical value. And yet, outside specialist circles, almost no one knows his name. When COVID-19 shook the world, he quietly delivered a crucial adjuvant for Covaxin, contributing to one of India’s proudest scientific responses. Again, no parade followed.

Who recognises the flour-mill worker? Only the chefs are celebrated. The world observes the meal, not the milling process. It applauds the performance, not the preparation. It reveres what is visible, not what is essential. This is where the significance of the gentleman becomes vital.

A gentleman is not defined by applause. He is defined by indifference to it. His self-worth is not tethered to public recognition but to private standards. He does not ask whether he is being noticed; he asks whether he is being useful.

When I once gently asked Dr. Chandrasekhar how he felt about his work not receiving wider acclaim, he smiled—not with resignation, but with freedom. That smile told me everything. He had already transcended the marketplace of vanity. He knew that history’s truest rewards are not medals but meanings.

The gentleman lives in alignment. His actions, values and intellect are not at war with one another. He does not need to shout because he has nothing to prove. He does not hoard power because he does not fear losing it. He does not exploit people because he does not measure life in terms of extraction.

Shakespeare understood this long before modern academia. In King Lear, when the king asks his daughters to declare their love, Goneril and Regan perform eloquently. Cordelia refuses spectacle:

“I cannot heave my heart into my mouth.

I love your Majesty according to my bond; no more nor less.”

In our age of relentless self-promotion, Cordelia’s restraint is revolutionary. Dr. Chandrasekhar Srivari’s life gives that truth a scientific form. In chiral chemistry, two molecules can be mirror images—identical in structure yet opposite in effect: one healing, the other harmful. He lives that lesson. His brilliance is tempered by humility, so that knowledge is transformed into grace.

A scientist and a gentleman—this is the highest calling. In a civilisation of movers and shakers chasing visibility as a form of immortality, Dr. Chandrasekhar remains a gentleman by choice. Science, at its highest, is not merely about discovery; it is about character. A scientist who lies, plagiarises, intimidates, or exploits may produce papers, but he can never produce trust. Dr. Chandrasekhar’s ethics are not added to his intellect; they are embedded in it.

Whenever I meet him, I feel the quiet presence of Dr. Kalam—of that rare fraternity for whom knowledge is never a ladder to climb, but a light to hold for others. In such men, science does not merely advance; it acquires a soul. And in their company, one is reminded that to be a great scientist is admirable, but to be a scientist and a gentleman is a form of grace.

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Learning the Art of Writing by Reading

Learning the Art of Writing by Reading

Learning the Art of Writing by Reading

I enjoy reading quite a lot—sometimes as much as ten hours a day, though on average about eight. Reading has become my primary pastime—not as a leisure activity, but as a discipline. I read good books, chosen carefully, ordered online and added to a personal library built slowly and meticulously over the past fifty years. Every book is wrapped in a transparent plastic cover to protect it from dust and decay. I write in the margins, underline passages and affix slips of paper with tape. Books, for me, are not objects to be preserved in pristine condition; they are working instruments. I converse with them.

After publishing thirty-five books, I have decided not to write any more in that form. The inspiration came from Shakespeare, who wrote nothing in his last six years. However, I continue to write blogs—shorter, more flexible, and closer to thought in motion. Since May 2019, these blogs have been curated by Tanya Seth-Reddy. There are now more than 160 of them, each roughly a thousand words, recording observations, reflections, and, most importantly, stories of extraordinary people I have encountered. Sakal Publications published a book titled Spectrum, drawn from 150 of these blogs, that presents both my worldview and my writing style.

According to an AI analysis of my blogs, my writing falls within the stream-of-consciousness tradition pioneered by James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. I accept that description with some hesitation, because style is not something one consciously adopts. It emerges from long exposure, absorption and imitation—often unconsciously. On my website, I list ten books that shaped my thinking and explain how each influenced me at a particular stage of life. I neither inherited writing nor was educated in literature, nor learned to write through workshops or manuals. I learned to write by reading.

Among all writers, V. S. Naipaul has influenced me most—his moral seriousness, his clarity and his refusal to sentimentalise. Among living authors, Kazuo Ishiguro, who won the Nobel Prize in 2017, has been a profound teacher. Never Let Me Go, and Klara and the Sun confront the future not with spectacle, but with restraint, presenting a quiet humanity staring down an ethically diminished world. Margaret Atwood, especially through her MaddAddam trilogy, is another great teacher. She does not predict the future; she extrapolates from the present. These writers show what it means to think through fiction.

Here, I want to explain precisely what I mean by learning to write by reading, using Oryx and Crake—the first book I read in 2026—as an example.

In Oryx and Crake, Oryx is presented less as an animal than as a sound—a mantra severed from its original referent. The word survives, but its source, the antelope, has faded away. In this detachment lies Atwood’s quiet warning: meanings once rooted in lived reality are now abstracted, commodified, and hollowed out. Oryx’s own life mirrors this condition. She is shaped by forces she neither names nor controls, carried along by systems that preserve surface appearances while draining experience of depth.

Crake, by contrast, takes his name from a marshland bird that feeds in shallow waters, surviving on insects and molluscs. It is a creature adapted to liminal terrain—neither land nor water, neither depth nor stability. Atwood invokes this image deliberately. The world of Oryx and Crake resembles a vast marshland: ethically shallow, ecologically fragile and technologically saturated. In this landscape, technology does not cultivate or sustain; it forages. It feeds on natural resources, on bodies, on attention, and ultimately, on the human mind itself. Together, Oryx and Crake name a present in which words drift free of meaning and intelligence thrives in shallow ground—efficient, adaptive and extractive, yet incapable of reverence or restraint.

Atwood sets her novel around 2050, after a pandemic has wiped out most of humanity. The story is told through a man who survives and lives alone on an island with bioengineered humanoids. Atwood moves skilfully back and forth between the post-apocalyptic present—where the hero struggles to survive—and the pre-apocalyptic past of 2030, reconstructed through memory. This non-linear structure gradually reveals how the world fell apart, creating suspense while allowing the reader to learn inductively, rather than be told.

Atwood’s world-building is vivid and unsettling because it feels familiar. The sterile, high-tech corporate compounds are sharply contrasted with the chaotic and violent ‘pleeblands’, where the poor (plebeians) live. In the ‘Blood and Roses’ game, characters trade human achievements in art and music against histories of war and atrocity, reducing both to points. Civilisation itself becomes a scoreboard.

Memory, for Atwood, is not merely a narrative device but a central theme. The hero’s constant return to the past is both a coping mechanism and a burden. He is deeply flawed—an ‘intimate outsider’ who witnesses the disaster partly through his own complicity. This moral proximity is crucial. The reader identifies with him not because he is heroic, but because he is recognisably human. 

Who is not like this helpless hero archetype of modern times? In our inability to effect change, embedded in our cowardice, we are later haunted by the guilt of a co-conspirator. But when was it ever different? Did not Bhishma watch in silence as Draupadi was subjected to an attempt at disrobing? Did he not lie upon a bed of arrows, delaying his death while reflecting and lamenting? Had he not awaited the auspicious phase of the Sun?

Is Atwood pointing out the same trajectory for the thoughtful people of the world? Atwood insists that she writes speculative fiction, not science fiction. Nothing in Oryx and Crake depends on impossible technology. The question she asks is not ‘can we do this?’, but ‘will we?’ What happens when scientific capability outruns ethical restraint? The novel is a warning, but it is also a compelling story—addictive, unsettling and meticulously constructed.

What I learned most from Oryx and Crake is the power of wordplay. Atwood’s stunning neologisms and puns expose the devaluation of language in a consumer-driven, high-tech world. Brand names do the work of philosophy. ‘NooSkin’ suggests renewal while concealing artificiality. ‘HelthWyzer’ masks corporate manipulation beneath the guise of managerial wisdom. The ‘BlyssPluss’ pill promises pleasure and enhancement while carrying a hidden plague. The secure facility where the new world is created is called ‘Paradice’—a play on paradise and dice—signalling that this supposedly perfect world is built on a reckless gamble.

Reading teaches that writing is not merely a vehicle for story, but a moral instrument. Language does not arrive empty; it carries histories, hierarchies, silences and choices. Ethics are embedded not only in what is said, but also in how patiently, honestly and sparingly it is said. A writer who reads learns that meaning is shaped as much by what comes first and what comes later as by the sentences in between.

Perhaps most powerfully, reading teaches the value of restraint. Consider, for example, Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants. The entire story deals with the dilemma of having an unwanted baby, but the word ’abortion’ is not used. The moral weight of the story lies entirely in the unsaid—in pauses, repetitions and evasions. The couple’s inability to name the problem mirrors their inability to face it honestly. Excess explanation would have weakened the story. 

From such works, a writer learns that excess often betrays insecurity, while restraint signals trust—trust in language, in the reader, and in truth itself. Reading teaches that silence can accuse, simplicity can confer dignity, and structure can disclose what argument struggles to prove. When one reads deeply and attentively over many years, rhythms begin to seep in—along with moral posture, pauses, and an instinct for what must be left unsaid. This is not a shortcut but a discipline that demands time, patience and practice. And then, almost quietly, writing arrives with a revelation: the sentences were already there, waiting to be recognised. Perhaps that is why my future blogs may read less like posts and more like small, self-contained books.

 Please keep reading—and do share your thoughts in the comments.

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